Explosion gas-turbine.



F. WONDRA.

ExPLosloN GAS Tumf.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-l1 1908- RENEWED JUNE 6| i917. ,69 Patented Jan.1,1918L I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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FRANZ WONDRA., OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK.

EXPLOSION Gas-roanne.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 1, 11918.

Application filed Qctober 17, 190B, Serial No. 458,157. Renewed .Tune 6, 1917. Serial No. 173,230.

To all whom t may concer-n:

Be it known that I, FRANZ WoNDRA, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Explosion Gas- Turbines, of which the following is a speciication.

My invention relates to explosion gas-turtime transformed into mechanical work and.

the parts of the turbine can not resist high temperature of combustion.

In gas-turbines where the compressed mixture is in contact with the burning gases, the etliciency is found to be very low because the combustion pressure acts back upon the compressed charge.

In explosion gas-turbines where the expansion is continued until the pressure in the explosion chamber is equal to the exhaust pressure .and then new charge is brought to explosion, the turbine works with a bad eiiiciency as the wheel is impacted`- with varying velocity, due to the falling of pressure at the end of the combustion.

The object of this invention is to overcome these disadvantages by burning the combustible mixture in closed chamber and the utilization of superfiuous heat radiated around the explosion-chamber and reversing nozzles for generation of steam, in the jacket inclosing the explosion-chamber and this steam bei'ng mixed with the products of combustion at every explosion, acting with these upon the turbine wheel. The workin fluid of the turbine is therefore condensab e as the explosion temperature of the gases can raise suflicient steam to make it the bulk of the working Huid.

For equalizing the pressure difference of the working fluid at beginning and on end ofthe discharge' I arrange the combustion chambers on the periphery of the casing in such a way that before the Huid is entirely discharged from some chambers, the Huid in other chambers is discharged at the highest explosion pressure. The wheel is impinged vertical section through one of the combus-` -tion heads or fluid pressure generators and one row of the bucket.

Fig, 2 is a vertical section on line A-A of Fig, 1.

Fig. 3 is plan view of the steam inlet valve.

F ig. 4; is a longitudinal section of the fuel and air valve andFig. 5 is a. longitudinal section through a nozzle.

The casing of the turbine is formed of a plurality of combustion heads 1,-to which are bolted segment frames 2. To said frames are secured segments with reversing buckets These elements form a complete ring which is tightened up by covers 4, and 5. These covers are forming standards for the turbine and are provided with flanges for the bearings and stuffing boxes. Cover 4e, has on its hub bearing for the cam-Wheel 6. The turbine wheel 7 is mounted on shaft 8, and has on its periphery U-shaped .double buckets. The reversing buckets have the same shape and in the halfround openings in the division wall between the buckets is fitted segmental bar 9, fastened to the ends of the buckets segment, extending in the opening of the buckets of the turbine wheel and has for its object to keep the fiow in a uniform et and to prevent the Huid, exhausting from the wheel buckets from interfering with that discharged by the reversing buckets. Every combustion head consists of an explosion-chamber 10, steam jacket 11, mixing chamber 12, and exhaust port 13. The reversing nozzles 'are provided with jacket- 14, which is connected with the steam jacket around the explosion chamber. The fuel and air is admittedunder pressure into the explosion chamber by valve 15. 16, is a spark plug which should be connected with a suitable sparking device operated by the camwheel. The slide valve 17, covers the sprayer nozzle 18, which has drilled holes leading into the mixing chamber. T he steam jacket is connected with the mixing chamber' by the double valve 19. The main nozzle 20,

discharges the products of combustion mixed with steam upon the turbine wheel.

The different valves are connected to levers, which are operated by the camwheel.

On the periphery of the covers 4, and 5, are radially extended arms, which form bearings for the operating levers. The camvvheel has camgrooves similar on both sides but 90o superposed. It is operated from the turbine shaft but its speed 1s reduced by the bevel gears 21, 22, 23, 24, and pinion 25, which meshes with the geared periphery of the camwheel.

The inlet valve is fastened to a `forkshaped lever 26, which is fastened to a common shaft with lever 27, and this meshes on its outer end with the camgroove.

The slide valve is operated by leversv28, and 29, and has an opening 30, which forms a passage from the explosion-chamber to the mixing chamber before the sprayer nozzle is opened.

The steam valve consists of two concentric valves 31, and 32. Valve 31, sticks on valve 32, and both are operated by levers 33, and 34. When the lever 33, pushes the valve 32, down, the levers 35 and 36 in Fig. 3 reverse the motion and withdraw the valve 31 from the valve seat. The steam enters also between the valves and lifts them whenever the pressure in the steam jacket is higher than the maximum working pressure, acting thus as a safety valve. The levers 26, 28, and 33 are arranged in the middle of the casing, the levers 27, 29 and 34 outside of the ycover 4 being actuated by the camwheel.

Two of the combustion heads of the opposite side of the periphery are operated by the camgrooves from the one side of the cam- -wheel and the other two from the other side. Any suitable form of sparking device may be used. The circuit-breaker should be operated by the camwheel. Such igniters are in common use and it is not necessary to illustrate the same. The ignition can also be carried out by other means.

The vfuel and air should be compressed in a cylinder compressor driven by the same turbine and the highest compression should be reached, when the inlet valves of the explosion-chamber are open.

The working manner of the turbine is as follows: The fuel and air should be brought under pressure to the inlet valve 15. The camwheel is set by a suitable starting device in motion, opensthe valve 15, the fuel and air rush into the explosion chamber; by continued motion of the camwheel the inlet valve is closed again, the camwheel forms a spark in the spark plug 1.6, the explosion follows. The combustion takes place in a perfectly closed chamber. Following this, the camwheel draws out the slide valve 17 and the ignited gases rush through the passage O and sprayer nozzle 4tion occurs in described manner.

1S into the mixing chamber 1,2, whereby the velocity of the jet is decreased, and through the main nozzle 20 upon the turbine Wheel and passing all reversing buckets, escapes through the exhaust-port 13. The same operation takes place simultaneously in the opposite chamber of the periphery. In the next pair of chambers the same operation occurs at 90o of the circumference of the camwheel. After few revolutions when the casing of the turbine is heated from the live and exhaust gases, so that it can make steam, water is admitted in each'of the jackets 14 around the reversing nozzles where it is evaporated and rises in the steam jacket 11, where it is heated externally from the exhaust gases and the explosion chamber. The camwheel opens the concentric steam valves 31 and 32 slightly before the ignition. The wet steam rushes into the mixing chamber where it is mixed with the ignited gases, thus being internally superheated and the nozzle 20 discharges the working fluid against the buckets of the turbine wheel.

yThe opening 30 in the slide valve directs first the gas jet toward the steam valve before the main jet rushes through the sprayer nozzle in the mixing chamber and main nozzle 20. After the pressure in the explosion chamber falls under the useful pressure the slide valve closes the sprayer nozzle and the inlet valve admits new charge in the explosion chamber. The steam valves close at the saine time as the slide valve. In large units or where suitable the turbine can also be started by delivering steam in the jackets 14 and bringing the cornpressed gas and air to inlet valve. After the camwheel is brought in motion the steam rushes through the steam valve in the mixing chamber and through the main nozzle upon the turbine wheel, while the combuslVhen the turbine is in motion the steam can be shut off and water admitted in the jackets 14 where it is vaporized. This turbine is designed for periphery flow but can also be used for axial flow or any other flow or any other form of buckets by adjusting the nozzles at the proper angle, corresponding with the turbine blades. The number of combustion heads can be decreased to a single pair. or increased corresponding to a given diameter of the turbine wheel.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is v 1. An internal combustion turbine of the explosion type comprising a turbine casing and einbodying'a plurality of fluid pressure generators, means for intermittently pioducing condensable working fluid therein, a bucket wheel, receiving the energy from said fluid pressure generators, in combination with means for supplying fuel, air and water into said combustion heads, substantially as s'et forth.

2. In an internal combustion turbine a bucket wheel, in combination with a fluid pressure generator comprising an explosion chamber with valve for fuel and air, steam jacket surrounding the explosion chamber with conduit for delivering water vapor thereto, a mixing chamber adjacent to said explosion chamber and having connections with said steam jacket and explosion chamber, an exhaust port surrounding the steam jacket and mixing chamber, a nozzle discharging the motive fluid against the buckets of the wheel and an igniting device, all substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. In an internal combustion turbine, a fluid pressure generator comprising an explosion chamber with inlet valve and outlet valve, a sprayer nozzle leading therefrom; a mixing chamber receiving the products of combustion from the explosion chamber; a steam jacket surrounding the explosio-n chamber and having a conduit for conveying water vapor from other parts of the turbine therein to produce steam of it from the heat of the live gases in the explosion chamber, concentric valves admitting steam from the steam jacket in the mixing chamber, an ex-` pansion nozzle in `constant communication with the mixing-chamber, an exhaust port surrounding said steam jacket and mixing chamber, an ignition device, in` combination with a turbine wheel' for abstracting the energyvreceived from the fluid pressure generator and means` for actuating the various valves.- j

4. In van intern-al combustion turbine engine a plurality of fluid pressure generators for producing condensable working Huid therein, a turbine wheel forconverting the energy received from the fluid pressure generators into work, inlet valves and outlet valves in said fluid pressure generators, a cam grooved wheel driven from the turbine wheel, connecting levers between the cam grooves and the different valves, an ignition device and means for actuating said cam grooved wheel.

5. In an internal combustion turbine with a plurality of fluid pressure generators, in combination with a bucket wheel, means for producing condensable working fluid `in a part of said fluid pressure generators, and means for simultaneously discharging Athe working fluid from other part of the fluid pressure generators against the buckets of the wheel to produce'rotation substantially as described.

6. In an internal combustion turbine, a fluid pressure generator for supplying the turbine with motive fluid in combination with a wheel having U-shaped double buckets mounted on the periphery thereof,

.sa mules for discharging .the motive Huid against the plane of said wheel, a set of reversing double buckets, receiving the fluid from said wheel and discharging it against the wheel as a unitedjet, a segmental bar mounted in the halfround opening of the reversing buckets and extending in the halfround opening of the wheell buckets, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. In an explosionv gas-turbine having a casing in combination, fluid pressure enerators, means for feeding fuel, air an water thereto, means for burningl the combustible mixture in a closed chamber, means utilizing the heat radiating around the said chamber for generation of lcondensable elastic fluid, means for mixing the products of combustion with said condensable fluid, means for evaporating the condensable fluid by the heat-'radiating through the walls of the casing during therexpansion yof the working fluid and means for utilizing. the exhaust heat of one of the generators for heating the condensable fluid in the other generator substantially as and for the purpose speci- 8. In an internal combustion turbine of the explosion type, fluid pressuregenerators for producing condensable working `Huid therein, rows of wheel buckets receiving'the working fluid therefrom, in combination with means for controlling the discharge of the working fluid against the buckets of the wheel alternating from the various fluid pressure generators.

`9. An internal combustion turbine working with condensable elastic Working fluid, having a plurality7 of fluid pressure generators, rows of wheel buckets'receiving the working fluid from the fluid pressure generators, means for discharging the working fluid against the buckets of the wheels, the discharge of a part of thefluid pressure chambers occurring before the other part of the uuid pressure generators are emptied.

10. An internal combustion turbine having a fluid pressure generator, means for roducing the working fluid therein, a turbine wheel, receiving the working fluid from said fluid pressure generator in combination with means for mechanically controlling the admission of fuel and air under pressure to the steam through the nozzles againstthe buckets of the Wheel and having means for continuously discharging steam against the bucket Wheel Substantially as set forth and specified. 1

12. In apparatus for generating motive fluid for prime movers, the combination of a jacketed combustion chamber having supply and exhaust ports, means for supplying Water to said jacket, means for supplying charges of gaseous or vaporous combustible fuel mixture intermittently to said chamber under pressure, an igniter, the supply and outlet ports being closed during the combustion, a mixing chamber for mixing the products of combustion with the steam generated in the jacket by the heat of combustion.

13. In an internal combustion turbine a Wheel having buckets thereon, a uid pressure generator for supplying the turbine with motive Huid and comprising a combustion chamber wherein combustion at constant L volume intermittently takes place, valve means discharging fuel and air. into' said chamber, a mixing chamber that receives the products of combustion from said combustion chamber, an igniter, a steam jacket..

surrounding the combustion chamber and mixing chamber, means supplying condensable iuid thereto, valve means for discharging simultaneously products of .combustion from the 'combustion chamber and steam` generated by the heat of combustion in said steam jacket into the mixing chamber, a

nozzle that discharges the mixed Huid.

against the buckets of the Wheel to produce rotation and means actuating said valve means.

14. In an internal combustion turbine a Wheel having buckets thereon, a 'casing supporting the Wheel ande'mbodying plurality of fll'lid pressurel generators for supplying the turbine With motive uid, a combustion chamber in each of said generators wherein kcombustion at constant volume intermittently takes placejvalve lmeans discharging fuel and air under pressure into said cham-- ber, an ignition device in each of said generators, a mixing chamber in each of said generators that receives the products of combustion from said combustion chamber, a steam jacket surrounding the combustion chamber and lmixing chamber, means supplying condensable fluid thereto, valve means in each of said generators for discharging the products of combustion from the coinbustlon chamber and steam from the steam jacket into the mixing chamber, a nozzle in' each of said generators that receives the valve means discharging intermittently fuel and air under pressure into said chamber, an igniter, a mixing chamber that receives the products of combustion from said combustion chamber, a steam jacket surrounding the combustion chamber, means supplying condensable fluid thereto, valve means for discharging intermittently products of combustion and steam into the mixing chamber, a nozzle that receives the mixed' iiuid from said mixing chamber and discharges it against the buckets of the Wheel, a set of reversing buckets receiving the fluid from the buckets of the Wheel and discharging it against the Wheel, an exhaust port leading around the steam jacket and thro-ugh which the gases exhausting from the turbine .pass, increasing thereby the temperature of thee. motive fluid. v n 16. In an internal combustion turbine in combination a Wheel o-r rotor having buckets thereon, a casing supporting the rotor, a fluid pressure generator for supplying the turbine With motivefluid, supply valve in said generator intermittently admitting fuel and air' under pressure therein, an igniter, means supplying condensable fluid to said generator, outlet valve in said generator and means actuating said supply and outlet alves, said means being driven by the turine.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing i as my invention I have signed my name in Witnesses MAHALAH E. `Avifauna., CHAs. N IELsEN.

It is hereby certified thatI in Letters Patent No. 1,252,369, grantedl Januar-#1, l

1918, upon the application of Franz Wondr'a, of Schenectady, NeW'York, for an improvement in Explosion Gas-Turbinesf errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 3, linje 1, claim `1, and same page, line 129,

claim'll, for the Words combustion heads read fluid pressure generators; `same page, line V108, claim 9,` for the word chambers read generators; f and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform t0 the record of the ease in the Patent Oiioe.

Signed andsealed this 13th dayof August, A. D., 1918.

[SEAL] F. W'T H. CLAY,

Acting Uo'mmz'seioner of Patents. 

